Entitlement Programs Their Role in the Federal Budget

The federal budget process divides federal spending into two areas: mandatory and discretionary. Discretionary spending is spending that is reviewed each year by Congress and is subject to annual decisions made during the appropriations process. Mandatory spending consists of entitlement programs (and a few smaller things). What is an entitlement program? It is a program that establishes certain eligibility criteria and anyone fitting that criteria may receive its benefits. Medicare and Social Security are the two largest entitlement programs. Anyone meeting the eligibility requirements may receive benefits from these two programs. The cost of entitlement programs is soaring as members of the Baby Boom generation retire. Many people say that the programs are on automatic pilot because it is extremely difficult to cut their cost. The only way that Congress can decrease the cost of such programs is to change the eligibility rules or the benefits that are included under the programs. Politically, Congress has not liked to change the eligibility rules and tell voters that they no longer can receive the benefits they once were entitled to receive. Yet entitlement programs are the most expensive portion of the federal budget and are a major factor in the national debt.

In Things Fall Apart - 935 Words

Okonkwo’s Tragedy In Things Fall apart, Okonkwo was considered a tragic hero. He used to be a great wrestler, a fierce warrior, and a successful farmer of yams in Umuofia. Shortly after Ikemefuna’s death, Okonkwo accidentally killed someone in a funeral ceremony. He and his family were sent into exile for seven years. Nevertheless, when he returned to Umuofia, he found himself unable to adapt to changing time as the white men came to live among the village. Okonkwo realized that he was no longer able to function within his changing society. Consequently, he committed suicide by hanging himself for his final tragedy. His tragic end was led by his character flaws, a betrayal of his clansmen, and the colonization. Okonkwo was†¦show more content†¦However, Enoch unmasked an egwugwu in the ceremony; his action was determined as a great crime and killed the ancestral spirits. Therefore, the egwugwu went to kill him, but he took refuge in the church compound. Mr. Smith, who was intolerant in fanaticism, tried to protect Enoch and asked the egwugwu to leave. Rather than hunt Enoch down and kill him, they burn the church. When the District Commissioner returned from trip and heard about the burning of the church, they asked six leaders of the village, including Okonkwo, to meet with him in his office. As one of the leaders began to tell about Enoch’s unmasking of an egwugwu, they were handcuffed and thrown in jail for several days. However, the DC said the leader would be treated well in the prison, and would be released after paying five or two hundred bags of cowries. Nevertheless, the guards repeatedly mistreated them in the prison. Okonkwo suffered insults and physical abuse there. The way the messenger mistreated him was humiliated. Therefore, he was put into fighting mood. His motivation for wanting revenge and his humiliation in jail were deeply personal. However, the DC was ignorant because he didn’t know the Umuofia’s culture; and he only lis tened to one side. If Okonkwo was tolerant and acted with considering the consequence, he might avoid his tragedy. Moreover, if Mr. Brown was not breaking down in health, he would still stay in Umuofia. Then, Mr. Smith would notShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart910 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Okonkwo Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a novel about a man in West Africa. It tells about his triumphs and trial ultimately leading to his demise. It explains how the â€Å"white man† came into his country and took over. It show you how the â€Å"white man† mad things fall apart. Okonkwo was a very large and tall man. He had big bushy eyebrows and a huge nose. As stated in Things Fall Apart, â€Å"He was tall and huge, and his bushy eyebrows and wide nose gave him a very severe look (3-4).† He was extremelyRead MoreThings fall apart1057 Words   |  5 Pages Reflection on the novel Things Fall Apart The Idea of Culture in Things Fall Apart The novel Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe is a story about personal beliefs, customs and also about conflict. There is struggle between family and within culture and it also deals with the concept of culture and the notion of the values and traditions within a culture. The word culture is Latin and means to cultivate. To cultivate has several meanings; it can mean to plow, fertilize, raise and plantRead MoreThings Fall Apart875 Words   |  4 PagesOkonkwo is a tragic hero in Things Fall Apart Question ( 2 ): Discuss Okonkwo in Chinua Achebe s â€Å"Things Fall Apart† is a tragic hero. Answer: In Chinua Achebe’s novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† Okonkwo is a tragic hero. Aristotle’s Poetics defines a Tragic Hero as a good man of high status who displays a tragic flaw ‘hamartia’ and experiences a dramatic reversal ‘peripeteia’, as well as an intense moment of recognition ‘anagnorisis’. Okonkwo is a leader and hardworking member of the Igbo communityRead MoreThings Fall Apart977 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferently by two different readers? Things Fall Apart Language and Literature Things fall apart is a novel written by Chinua Achebe. It is set during the late 19th, early 20th century in a small village named Umuofia situated in Nigeria. This time period is important because it was a period in colonial history when the British were increasing their influence economic, cultural, and political influence in Africa. The novel deals with the rise and fall of Okonkwo, a man from the village ofRead MoreThings Fall Apart818 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish oral presentation Cultural strengths of the Ibo society before the invasion of the colons. The novel Things fall apart by Chinua Achebe describes the social and cultural traits of a culture based on the principles of labor and masculinity, conformity and kinship and finally on solid juridical system. The worth of a man was measured by his strength and the amount of work he could accomplish and how efficiently feed his family, the concepts of masculinity is strictly related withRead MoreThings Fall Apart2539 Words   |  11 PagesSociety (Things Fall Apart) Women are often thought of as the weaker, more vulnerable of the two sexes. Thus, women’s roles in literature are often subdued and subordinate. In Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, women are repressed by an entrenched structure of the social repression. Women suffer great losses in this novel but, also in certain circumstances, hold tremendous power. Achebe provides progressively changing attitudes towards women’s role. At first glance, the women in Things Fall Apart mayRead More Things Fall Apart Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebes Things Fall Apart shows an odd similarity between the cultures of Ancient Greece and the Lower Niger. Despite the fact that two societies can exist during different periods of time and have conflicting cultural values, their stories and behavior can have surprising overlaps. Things Fall Apart is structured like a Greek Tragedy in its use of a chorus and in the presence of a tragic hero whose actions ultimately lead to his downfall. The Egwugwu from Things Fall Apart act like the chorusRead More Things Fall Apart Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesThings Fall Apart Opposites do not Attract In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, Mr. Brown, the first missionary in Umuofia, was a kind and respectful man. Not to say that Reverend James Smith was not, but his degree of kindness and respect were present in a whole different level. They both wanted to convert the lost, all those in Umuofia that were not in the church. Mr. Brown made friends with the clan and â€Å"trod softly on his faith,† (pg.178) while Mr. Smith told them how thingsRead MoreSummary Of Things Fall Apart 716 Words   |  3 PagesJory Alkhudair Mr. Meister English 10th 26 October 2017 Things Fall Apart I am writing about Ekwefi , Okonkwo’s second wife, and who was once the village beauty. Ekwefi is also the mother of Ezinma , Okonkwo’s only daughter . Ezinma is her only surviving child, her other nine died in infancy. Ekwefi constantly fears that she will lose Ezinma too. The festival was only three days away. We were scrubbing the walls and the huts with red earthRead MoreColonialism In Things Fall Apart1824 Words   |  8 Pageswritten by Chinua Achebe which shows the main theme of the novel Things Fall Apart, and even represents the theme within the article, â€Å"The Benefits of British Rule†. There are many cultures with different values or practices that might seem obscure to one group but normal to another, therefore no one can determine what culture is wrong or right, but it s up to society to determine the best way of life. The novel Things Fall Apart and the article â€Å"The Benefits of British Rule† examine two different

Security Privacy Issues With Social Media â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Security Privacy Issues With Social Media? Answer: Introduction Nowadays, social media has become so popular among people for communication and sharing of information among people worldwide. The social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn etc. are commonly used by people. There are several benefits of using social media for both business organizations and for other common users. The basic concept of social media is that it is combination of websites and applications that can be used by users to create and share content among others via online. Whether there are some benefits of social media but on other side, there are challenges, risks and problems are concerned with this technology. In upcoming paragraphs, we will discuss about essential points in detail. It is an important segment of this report to discuss challenges and issues of security and privacy issues of social media. Challenges of Social Media regarding Security and Privacy According to analysis, I got to know that the main challenges of security of social media is to choose best strategy by developers to get high level security and privacy of information that is transferred over internet. Without an appropriate technology, it is difficult to get prevention from vulnerable attacks such as hacking, phishing, DDOS etc. (methodshop, 2017) Another important challenge is for business enterprises those provide services to its users for social networking. People submit their information online with trust on companies and they want to proper security of their information. It is matter of believe of customers and reputation of companies. So advanced security facility is necessary to provide to customers to satisfy them. Moreover, it is also important to be update about new tools and techniques of security and privacy tools. In most of cases, due to lack of awareness about advanced techniques to maintain security of their networks and computers, users have to encounter vulnerable network attacks. It is also a big challenge for users to be aware about availability of new kinds of software solutions and their usage. Problems Areas regarding Security and Privacy of Social Media Users Another important thing to discuss here in this report is regarding problems areas of social media in case of security and privacy of users (Fast Company, 2017). The key problem is unauthorized access of information from online databases of social networking websites. It has commonly seen that hackers try to hack websites to get users personal and business information and further this information is misused by them to fulfill purpose of money. So now users need to be very careful about safety of their data (Hootsuite Social Media Management, 2017). Another important issue is of spamming. To retrieve data from users systems, spam emails are sent to them in their inbox and that emails have some vulnerable attachments. Whenever, spam email is opened by users then virus enters into system or network and can cause damage. Here, it is necessary for users to ignore or delete these spam emails (nadikari123, 2017). Related Technologies These security and privacy related issues of security and privacy of social media can be resolved by using some essential technologies. These security and privacy related technologies are listed as below (MakeUseOf, 2017): SSL i.e. Secure Socket Layer is one of the important and effective techniques that can be used for protecting social networking websites that are used by people for communication and content sharing purpose. It is a very secure network layer and considered better for sending and receiving important information online. Furthermore, at users end proper security can be maintained by using strong login credentials. These credentials are username and password and these must not be weak. This is because, hackers can easily guess easy passwords and access information in unauthorized way. Encryption of databases content is also an effective solution to get better security and privacy of data. By using this technique, data can be secured into database in secured and encrypted format that is hard to identify by cyber-attackers. Technologys Applications The application area of above discussed security and privacy technologies is wide enough. These technologies can be used anywhere for maintaining long term security and privacy of database, network and computer systems that are used for business and as well as for personal usage. Clarification of Unclear Areas Most of the social media users have fundamental knowledge about it. But still there are some unclear areas that must be cleared to all users. The first unclear area is that how large amount of data is managed and stored by social media websites. In this case, it can be said that large databases are used for this purpose but security of these databases is also necessary. Another unclear area is that how malware enter into users system through social sites. In this case, it can be said that it has happened due to vulnerable ads that are attached with a particular web page and while opening that page ads enters into system and spread virus (Langheinrich Karjoth, 2010). Research Questions According to analysis, I got to know one research question that is highly common among people that privacy is a big issue for social media or not. In answer it can be said that privacy is really important for users of social media and gradually it is becoming a problem for social networking sites. Therefore, it is essential duty of social media developers that enhance the level of security to provide secure services to users (Zheleva, Terzi Getoor, 2012). Mentioned Issues in Forum The main discussed issues in form are concerned with vulnerable issues of security and privacy of data. The explanation of every issue is appropriate and it is essential for users to be aware about these issues and try to use suitable security solutions. In addition to this, I would like to say that to overcome this problem of privacy and security of data, both users and developers need to do efforts. Developers of social media have to implement new strategies to control cyber-attacks like hacking, virus attacks and phishing etc. On other side, users should maintain security of their computers by using available security schemes and policies (Senthil Kumar N, Saravanakumar K Deepa K, 2017). Effect of Security and Privacy Issues of Social Media on People Worldwide From above discussion it is cleared that users of social media have so much bad influence of security and privacy issues of social media. Due to this, people are worried about their information that is stored in online databases. Hackers have several tools to deliberately access the sensitive information from databases. Not only common users but also some large business enterprises have faced security related issues. Sony, eBay, Nokia and other renowned companies are in this list (Ieeexplore.ieee.org, 2017). An important issue not mentioned in Forum The given information in forum is important and accurate about security issues of social media. But there is another issue that must be mentioned in forum is social media marketers are also affected by harmful security violation attacks. Due to this, the maintenance of external and internal resources, progress of marketing strategies and identification of social media tools have become more challenging for social media marketers. I have mentioned this issue in this report because like users and developers, social media marketers play important role in distribution of social media services and making its strategies (Econsultancy, 2017). Important Lesson of Discussion The overall discussion about social media and its challenges, risks and problems is essential and informative. From this discussion, the main reasons, risk factors, unknown facts and things about social media are cleared now and it is necessary to cope with critical conditions of cyber- attacks. Furthermore, it helps to enhance level of prevention by providing knowledge about latest security tools and techniques that can be used by both users and security professionals (Searchsecurity.techtarget.com, 2017). Conclusion To sum up, I can say that while using any new or existing technology, a user has knowledge about its risks, challenges, benefits and drawbacks. Besides this, the availability of possible solutions is also required to control major risk factors. From above discussion, users of social media will be familiar with basics concepts of social media and their outcomes. Now with advancement of social media, these issues can be increased if no solution will be found quickly. References Methodshop. (2017). 6 Really Scary Facts About Your Privacy on the Internet. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://www.methodshop.com/2015/03/internet-privacy-facts.shtml MakeUseOf. (2017). 12 Social Media Facts and Statistics You Should Know in 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/12-social-media-facts-statistics-know-2016/ Langheinrich, M., Karjoth, G. (2010). Social networking and the risk to companies and institutions. Information Security Technical Report, 15(2), 51-56. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istr.2010.09.001 Searchsecurity.techtarget.com. (2017). Social media security risks news, help and research - SearchSecurity. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/resources/Social-media-security-risks-and-real-time-communication-security Fast Company. (2017). Privacy and Security Issues in Social Networking. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://www.fastcompany.com/1030397/privacy-and-security-issues-social-networking Zheleva, E., Terzi, E., Getoor, L. (2012). Privacy in social networks. San Rafael, Calif. (1537 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 USA): Morgan Claypool. Econsultancy. (2017). The four biggest challenges facing social media strategists. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://econsultancy.com/blog/67913-the-four-biggest-challenges-facing-social-media-strategists Ieeexplore.ieee.org. (2017). Solutions to Security and Privacy Issues in Mobile Social Networking - IEEE Conference Publication. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5283078/ nadikari123. (2017). Social network privacy security. Slideshare.net. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/nadikari123/social-network-privacy-security Hootsuite Social Media Management. (2017). 5 Social Media Security Risks and How to Avoid Them. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://blog.hootsuite.com/social-media-security-for-business/ HuffPost.(2017). Social Media Privacy and Personal Security Issues. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-siciliano/social-media-privacy-and_b_245857.html Senthil Kumar N, Saravanakumar K, Deepa K. (2017). On Privacy and Security in Social Media A Comprehensive Study. Retrieved 27 September 2017, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091600021

Ripe Figs free essay sample

â€Å"Ripe Figs† â€Å"The Theme of Contrasts in ‘Ripe Figs’† This essay will compare the two central figures in Kate Chopin’s short story. It will show how Babette and Mamam- Nainaine differ in their character. I will do this using the following four areas of contrast: youth versus age; patience versus impatience; experience versus innocence; staidness versus exuberance. I will explain the contrast between youth and age. Babette is a very young girl. She dances around the fig- trees waiting for something to happen. She is full of energy. Mamam- Nainaine is inside sitting down. She is much older and does not have as much energy as Babette. This paragraph explains the contrasts between patience and impatience. Mamam- Nainaine was a very patient woman. She just sat around waiting for the figs to ripen. â€Å"Mamam- Nainaine was as patient as the statue of la Madone. † Babette wasn’t as patient. She really wanted to visit her cousins down on the Bayou- Lafourche. We will write a custom essay sample on Ripe Figs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She was constantly around the fig- trees just waiting for them to ripen. â€Å"Babette as restless as a humming- bird. † This paragraph explains the contrast between experience and innocence. Mamam- Nainaine is an experienced woman. She knows when the figs are supposed to ripen. â€Å"How early the figs have ripened this year! † Babette is a very young girl. Because she is a young girl, she has certain innocence about her. She picked the figs from the tree. She presented them to her godmother. Her response to her godmother’s statement on the ripening of the figs was â€Å"I think they have ripened very late. † This paragraph explains the contrasts between staidness and exuberance. Babette is exuberant. She is excited for the fig- tree to ripen so she can visit her cousins. She is outside dancing around the trees. â€Å"Babette is as restless as a hummingbird. † Mamam- Nainaine is more patient than Babette. She knows exactly when the fig- tree is supposed to ripen. She is very calm. â€Å"Mamam- Nainaine sat in her stately way. † This comparison essay shows how the two main figures differ. There is vast difference in their form of being and reacting to things. It shows how the different age groups respond to different situations. Younger people find many things exciting that older people don’t. One of the main things is that younger people are more impatient than older people.

Free Essays on Pro Death Penalty

Pro Death Penalty When someone takes a life, the balance of justice is thrown off. Unless the balance is restored, Society adapts to violence. Only taking the murderer’s life restores the balance and shows that murder is not tolerated and will be punished harshly. A major argument against the death penalty is that race plays a big part in whom and who is not executed. But in fact, statistically more white people have been executed in this country than black people. For the most heinous crimes, the ones in which the death penalty is applied; offenders, whether black or white, deserve the worst punishment the law can give. As a result of the controversy about racism and the death penalty; the Supreme Court has rejected the use of statistical studies, which claim racial bias, as the only reason for overturning a death sentence. Retribution is very important for a victim’s family to have. Although the victim’s family cannot be entirely restored to the way they were before the murder, at least an execution will bring closure to the murderer’s crime. It also ensures that there will be no more victims at the hand of that murderer. Robert Macy, District Attorney of Oklahoma City, described the need for retribution in one example: â€Å"In 1991, a young mother was rendered helpless and made to watch as her baby was executed. The mother was then mutilated and killed.† A person who could do something so malicious should not be lying in some prison, with three meals a day, clean sheets, cable T.V., and endless appeals.† For justice to prevail, some killers just need to die.... Free Essays on Pro Death Penalty Free Essays on Pro Death Penalty Pro Death Penalty When someone takes a life, the balance of justice is thrown off. Unless the balance is restored, Society adapts to violence. Only taking the murderer’s life restores the balance and shows that murder is not tolerated and will be punished harshly. A major argument against the death penalty is that race plays a big part in whom and who is not executed. But in fact, statistically more white people have been executed in this country than black people. For the most heinous crimes, the ones in which the death penalty is applied; offenders, whether black or white, deserve the worst punishment the law can give. As a result of the controversy about racism and the death penalty; the Supreme Court has rejected the use of statistical studies, which claim racial bias, as the only reason for overturning a death sentence. Retribution is very important for a victim’s family to have. Although the victim’s family cannot be entirely restored to the way they were before the murder, at least an execution will bring closure to the murderer’s crime. It also ensures that there will be no more victims at the hand of that murderer. Robert Macy, District Attorney of Oklahoma City, described the need for retribution in one example: â€Å"In 1991, a young mother was rendered helpless and made to watch as her baby was executed. The mother was then mutilated and killed.† A person who could do something so malicious should not be lying in some prison, with three meals a day, clean sheets, cable T.V., and endless appeals.† For justice to prevail, some killers just need to die.... Free Essays on Pro Death Penalty Capital punishment has been in effect since the 1600's . However, in 1972 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment, which was unconstitutional according to the Eighth amendment. It was public opinion that the current methods of execution, hanging, electrocution, and facing a firing squad, were too slow and painful upon the person to be executed. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed this decision when a "cleaner" way to bring about death was found in 1976. This "cleaner" way is death by lethal injection, which is quick and painless if administered right (Cole 450). The death penalty is a good form of justice because only about 250 people a year get the death penalty and they are guilty beyond a doubt and don't deserve living with the possibility of parole. The sentencing judge or juries are ordered by the Supreme Court to look for "specific aggravating and mitigating factors in deciding which convicted murderers should be sentenced to death" (Cole 451). Some of these mitigating factors are the defendant's motivation, character, personal history, and most of all remorse (Costanzo). First, this paper will show the expense we can save be execution. Second, is how capital punishment does not deter crime. And third, is capital punishment cruel and unusual? First argument against the death penalty is that it costs less to imprison someone for life than to execute them. This is a good point that has a lot of impact on a lot of people’s views regarding capital punishment since they are the ones footing the bill through taxes. I personally would not mind paying the little bit extra just so I know for sure that there's one less murderer on our planet. If the death penalty was done away with, prisoners who should have been executed will be mixed in with other inmates. It would be possible and not too doubtful for them to kill another inmate or even a prison guard. If someone is lined up for execution...

How to Use Direct Object Pronouns in the Past Tense

How to Use Direct Object Pronouns in the Past Tense Pronouns, while they can be tricky when learning Italian, are such an essential part of sounding fluid and natural in conversation. Who wants to say â€Å"glasses† a hundred times in a situation like, â€Å"Where are the glasses? Oh, I found the glasses. Let’s put the glasses on the table†. You start to sound like a robot, which, let’s be honest, makes it a bit more difficult to make friends. To avoid this, you can use direct object pronouns, which you may know are mi, ti, lo, la, ci, vi, li, and le. Me (m) - Me Ci - Us Ti (t) - You (informal) Vi - You (all) Lo (l) - Him, it Li - Them (masculine) La (l) - Her, it Le - Them (feminine) La (L) - Him/her (formal) Li, Le - You (formal) (masculine feminine) Using Direct Object Pronouns in the Present In the present tense, using direct object pronouns is easier. For example, â€Å"I see it†, when â€Å"it† refers to a â€Å"un libro - book†, would be, â€Å"Lo vedo†. But what about when you want to express something in the past tense, like â€Å"I saw it†, with â€Å"it† still being â€Å"un libro - a book†? It would be, â€Å"L’ho visto†. So what is going on, and how can you use direct object pronouns in the past tense? How to Use Direct Object Pronouns in the Past Tense There are four moving parts to using direct object pronouns in the past tense. Is the noun you’re talking about masculine or feminine?Is the noun you’re talking about singular or plural?What conjugation must you use from the verb â€Å"avere† or essere?What is the past participle of the main verb? Once you’ve answered these questions, which trust me, will happen automatically after enough practice, you’ll be able to put together past tense sentences with direct object pronouns with ease. Let’s take a look at some examples and break down what’s happening. Abbiamo visto Teresa. - We saw Theresa. We want to say, We saw her. Is â€Å"Teresa† masculine or feminine? FEMININE.Is â€Å"Teresa† singular or plural? SINGULAR.What conjugation must I use from the verb â€Å"avere†? ABBIAMOWhat is the past participle of the main verb â€Å"vedere†? VISTO/VEDUTO So, â€Å"We saw her† would be, â€Å"Labbiamo vista.†    Why does â€Å"visto† end in an -a? That’s because the ending of the past participle, in this case â€Å"visto†, must agree in gender and number with the noun, which is â€Å"Teresa†. Notice how the pronoun â€Å"la† is shortened and combined with the verb â€Å"abbiamo†. This is because â€Å"abbiamo† begins with a vowel. Ho comprato i pantaloni. - I bought the pants.   We want to say, I bought them. Is the noun â€Å"i pantaloni† masculine or feminine? MASCULINE.Is the noun â€Å"i pantaloni† singular or plural? PLURAL.What conjugation must you use from the verb â€Å"avere†? HOWhat is the past participle of the main verb â€Å"comprare†? COMPRATO So the sentence, â€Å"I bought them† would be, â€Å"Li ho comprati†. Notice here how the last letter of the past participle â€Å"comprato† changes from an -o to an -i. This is because the ending of the past participle MUST agree in gender and number with the noun. Here’s another example. Ha ricevuto le lettere. - He received the letters. We want to say instead, â€Å"He received them†. Is the noun â€Å"le lettere† masculine or feminine? FEMININE.Is the noun â€Å"le lettere† singular or plural? PLURAL.What conjugation must you use from the verb â€Å"avere†? HAWhat is the past participle of the main verb â€Å"ricevere†? RICEVUTO So, the sentence would become, â€Å"Le ha ricevute.  - He received them†. TIP: When you have a singular pronoun, like â€Å"lo† or â€Å"la†, it will almost always combine with the verb, like â€Å"L’ho letto. - I read it.† Let’s do one more. Sono andati a trovare il nonno. - They visited their grandfather. We want to say, They visited him. Is the noun â€Å"nonno† masculine or feminine? MASCULINE.Is the noun â€Å"nonno† singular or plural? SINGULAR.What conjugation must you use from the verb â€Å"essere†? SONOWhat is the past participle of the main verb â€Å"andare†? ANDATI So if we wanted to change the sentence to â€Å"they visited him†, it would be: Sono andati a trovarlo. - They visited him. Notice that the pronoun â€Å"lo† is not at the beginning of the sentence like in the past three examples. You’re able to attach it to the end of the full verb, â€Å"trovare†, by just removing the -e. This is possible when there are two verbs (like â€Å"andare† and â€Å"trovare†) in the phrase. Also, when the auxiliary verb is essere, the verb must agree with the subject.

Ancient Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient Art - Research Paper Example explanation on the manner by which the works of art fit into the context of the time period, as created between 30,000 BCE- 500 CE to be classified as Ancient Art. A research from the three official websites of the (1) The Metropolitan Museum of Art; (2) The Louvre Museum; and (3) The Smithsonian Institution Freer Gallery and Sackler Gallery, generated several suggestions of ancient art. However, given the specified time frame, two works of art fall within the category. One was the Terracotta amphora (jar) from The Metropolitan Museum of Art as it was disclosed to have been created within 490 BC. The other work of art was the Attic Red-Figure Amphora, which was classified as an aryballos, allegedly a perfume container, or a very small jar, which was created within the 500 to 490 BC time frame. These two works of ancient art have similarities in terms of the form, both are receptacles or jars. The Terracotta amphora (jar) was reportedly made from terracotta as the medium; while the Attic Red-Figure Aryballos was made from clay. These works of art were both created within the same time frame, about 490B.C. and shows the red figure as the images within these receptacles. The Terracotta amphora jar had the following dimensions H. 16 5/16 in. or 41.50 cm; while the Attic Red-Figure Aryballos was noted to be smaller with the following dimensions, to wit: H. 8.8 cm; or 8.6 cm. Both background colors were predominantly black to enhance the color red figures. Both the Terracotta amphora jar and the Attic Red-Figure Aryballos were was noted to be from the Ancient Greek culture. Both are also representational objects, where the former was noted to be apparently used for decorative purposes; while the latter was a perfume container, which was reportedly hanged in the wrists of athletes (Attic Red-Figure Aryballos). It was described in the first art work that the image was supposed to represent the â€Å"a musician in a long, slim garment accompanies himself on the kithara, a

Sex Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sex Education - Essay Example The argument whether sex education should be made mandatory in schools, will be supported along with a short discussion on the kind of the content that should be discussed or taught as part of sex education. Thus, I want to argue that not only should sex education be made mandatory, but it should also be effectively taught keeping in mind, the practical issues and peer pressures teenagers face and thus help students overcome modern personal crisis and ultimately, help in their psychological and social upbringing. The current scenario of sex education in US is not quite encouraging or effective. Either it is taught ineffectively, or it is taught keeping one goal in perspective - to perpetuate abstinence and post-marital sex. Therefore, the first question one has to ask is "What constitutes sex education" Sadly, when one tries to answer this, there arises the conflict between cultural values, how much is enough, and whether sexuality constitute both biological and behavioral science. Does sex education also attempt to explain the relationship between sexuality and media, religion, law, culture, arts and gender I strongly feel that it should. Sexuality constitutes our image of ourselves, determines our orientation and sexual health, and affects our social skills, relationships and sexual behavior. Hence, sex education has a huge responsibility to play, contrary to popular opinion, and this can determine the human development of a child, who is the future citizen of a country. Is the ultimate aim of sex education to stop teenage pregnancy If so, then the role of sex education becomes quite negative and conservative in nature. It then aims to eradicate a social evil and prejudices the child's mind, rather than helping them to take up a stand with the help of their own free will. Any form of force or action is always less effective than something that has been done from the inner self will. This should be the proper aim of sex education. Sometimes sex education becomes a bitter power play and a good instrument in the hands of various political organizations. It is a political tool and US has faced such political tug of war in the field of sex education since the 60's. In Talk about Sex: the Battles over sex education in the United States1, Janice M. Irvine says that, "The efforts of national evangelical organizationsall of which oppose comprehensive sex education, abortion, sexual representation in the media, and gay rights - gained momentum on legislative and policy fronts during Bush's administration" (Irvine, xv). Since the Victorian time the "myth of childhood innocence" has always been upheld and the true picture of childhood and various discourses have been developed to propagate this very form of "truth". The image of the child as sexual being therefore provokes religious, political and social controversies that are rooted in deep moral shame and fear about tarnishing this popular picture of childhood innocenc e by sex talks (Irvine 13, 14). Nevertheless, we are evolving as a society and sex education should provide valuable knowledge keeping in mind the current social crisis that children face - without which a growing child may be exposed to greater exploitations and danger. The physical, emotional and psychological outfall after sex can have

Essay on Mark Twain a+ Grade Essay Example for Free

Essay on Mark Twain a+ Grade Essay Few people across america have not more than once come across the name of Mark Twain, a name spoken throughout the country for the 100 years since his death. Mark Twain is the best example of a great american author, foremost for his book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Few people past the sixth grade have not at least heard of Tom sawyer and Huckleberry Finn, Proving the impact this piece has had on America. Life wasn’t always peachy for Mark Twain though, Born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Twain went through a cacophony of hardships on his way to fame. His father died when he was only eleven, and he was sent off to apprentice for a printer named Ament. He later got a job as a journalist which got him on his way to becoming an esteemed writer. Life after fame however brought more heartbreak than good with the death of his wife and later his wife. He took much pleasure in his four-legged friends however, and is well know as an avid cat lover. Twain is most well known for his piece The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. It is an american classic, portraying young Tom sawyer and his friend Huck Finn in an adventure, ending in the capture of Injun Joe, a man who murdered the doctor and who had a cave full of treasures. Mark Twain pulls the reader in whilst keeping attention with chapters teeming with action, adventure, suspense and romance. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was followed by The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, an exciting sequel that received just as much if not more praises from readers across america. Some may wonder what possessed Mark Twain as to why he became a writer, when the answer is quite clear. Upon his father’s death in 1846, Young Samuel Clemens was sent off to apprentice for a printer named Ament, in exchange for board and clothing. He then became a typesetter, setting the print for various newspapers in his hometown.He did that for another four years before writing small articles for his brother Orion’s small newspaper. Clemens moved to Nevada and worked as a miner in Virginia City before finding work at the local paper, The Territorial Enterprise, where he first used his pen name. Mark Twain was taken from the steamboat mans measuring cry that signaled water was deep enough for safe passage. Life after Fame was both sweet and sour for Mark Twain at this point. Though he rarely ever invited visitors into his home, Mark Twain truly enjoyed the company of his cats. It was even noted in an ad from Royal Crown Cola in the 1940s about Twains disposition and his love for his cats. It is stated that he lived with up to nineteen at one time. In 1905 one of Mark Twains cats, a big gorgeous black cat named Bambino, ran away and Twain was devastated. He offered a reward seeking the return of his cat. The cat was found by Twains secretary. Sadly, Twains last years were marked with depression, brought on by the death of a daughter, his wife and close friends. He began his autobiography in 1906, and it is unsure when it was actually finished after its recent discovery. He died of a heart attack on April 21, 1910, in Redding, Connecticut, where he was buried on his wife’s family plot. It is indisputable the impact Mark Twain’s writing has had on society as a whole, his name scattered across america and known by millions. His two most popular books, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn have gone down in history as priceless american classics, and continue to be treasured more than one-hundred years after their creation.Fame and fortune was bittersweet for him however, and though he took much pride and joy in his esteemed feline friends, he went through a period of extreme loss shortly before his own death. It is a well known fact, that Mark Twain has left his mark on American History, and will be remembered for centuries to come.

Lady Macduff as a Foil for Lady Macbeth Essay -- essays research pape

Lady Macduff as a Foil for Lady Macbeth In many of Shakespeare’s plays, there is a major character, and a lesser character whose character traits directly contrast those of the major character. This literary device is called a foil. One example of this exists in the play Romeo and Juliet, in which Mercutrio foils Romeo’s character with his disdain for love and belief in man making his own destiny. Another example of foil exists in William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth. The character of Lady Macduff foils Lady Macbeth in her lack ambition, her genuine love of family life and her devotion to her husband. Although one only gets a brief glimpse at the life that Lady Macduff and her husband share, it is quite easy to assume just how different they are from the Macbeths. One example is simply fr...

Motivation Will: The First Grand Theory

The world today has complex structures, being in control is a must for maximum productivity. Motivation to do better must be attained. But in our constant intricate changes, it may be a fact that work motivation may be harder to attain. There are some motivational problems that man needs to look into before it is too late to adapt to the persistent change of the world.In the 21st century there have been many improvements in the status of mankind Complex systems have been developed, huge buildings have been built and theories have been formulated. Man has come a long way since ancient times. Man could not have done these magnificent tasks if he did not want to do it. What makes a person performs this certain splendid improvements?There are many factors that attributes to mankind’s success through the centuries. One of those factors is motivation. Motivation is defined by the cause that a being performs a certain action. It had been studied that motivation for human beings requi res two drives, and those are conscious and unconscious drives. The conscious drive means that the person is aware that he is doing a certain action. In unconscious drives, the person is not aware or he automatically does that certain action. Having the motivation to work would show healthy results.There have been many study in the field of motivation, however, there is no theory that has been generally established. Only directions for motivation have been recognized. Abraham Maslow, an American Physiologist, became famous for his work in humanistic theories. One of his famed works is the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. It described that the needs of man is ordered. It was stated that the needs of man consisted of two parts, the secondary and primary needs. The primary needs must first be met before the secondary needs could be attained. Attaining these needs is acquired quite some time in a human being’s lifespan. Humanistic Psychotherapy can also be done so that a perso n can advance from one level of need to another.Motivation is a big factor in creating a productive community. For example, in a corporation, it is the beneficial that the leaders of the corporation to motivate its workers with job incentives, increased salary, Christmas bonuses and many more. If the corporation gave the workers poor incentives and low salaries then the employees would not work productively.In a large scale, if a corporation that is motivating its workers then it would show positive results. If the corporation show positive results then the market that it belongs would improve. Motivation may be the basics of choice of action but the result it gives is largely beneficial. Because of this, the control of working motivation is important and should always be taken into consideration.Several work motivation theories have been developed. Some of these theories are  Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Y and William Ouchi’s Theory Z. The theory X states that employees do not want to work. They are only forced to work mainly because of some material incentives such as their salary. It may be said that employees work because they need to. Because of these, the motivations that the company should use are the ones that would make the employees continue working even though they try to avoid it, such as threat of penalties.Theory Y states that employees see their work as a source of fulfilment. It may be said that employees are working because they want to work. The workers want the responsibilities they have and, as employees, want to perform them well. Because of this, the motivations that the company should use are the ones that would make the employees more involved in the management such as promotions. It was observed that Japanese companies apply Theory Y and the American companies apply Theory X.There was quite a little difference between the results of the outcome although it was noted that in Theory Y, the workers attained personal satisfacti on and if there is personal satisfaction then there is productivity.   Theory Z, in the other hand, is a lot like Theory Y. It is a better form of Theory Y. Other than making the employees involved in the management, the company also gives the employees lifetime incentives which increase the employees’ loyalty to the company.It was also cited that an employee does not only work for only one specialization, the employee works with diversity. Because of this, they learn more about the company over time which makes them closer and closer to it. To summarize it, we can say that Theory X is the negative reinforcement, Theory Y is the positive reinforcement and Theory Z is the more positive reinforcement.Although work motivation theories have been developed there is still the need to develop new theoretical models of motivation. The three work motivation is not enough to solve the growing motivational problems. For example, person A attains his satisfaction in painting portraits but due to lack of funds, he is forced to work as a call center agent so that he could sustain his everyday needs. Person A only works at the call center agent for the money. He would not have personal satisfaction in working for that agency.Because of this, he would not have productivity which means that he wouldn’t excel in his career in the call center agency because his passion is painting portraits. That means, the call center agency would not increase productivity with person A working for them. In the competitive market, a company such as the call center agency needs to be developed. If the agency would not increase productivity then the agency would not be developed. Thus, the performance of the agency would either be stagnant or would shutdown. It is a hefty price to pay for employees that are not gaining personal satisfaction.A new motivational theory must be made so that even though that an employee is not gaining personal satisfaction, because that person is only in the job for the money, that person will still gain productivity. If there is no new motivational theory created to sustain this problem, and then there would be much instability or a loss.   If a person does not attain the primary levels of the needs then that person would not also attain the secondary level of needs. If so, then that person would not progress and, therefore, be left in the flow of modernization.In our competitive market today, competence is a must. The growing community is encountering problems, because the larger the community, the more error it will come across with. Every person encounters different problems and the person must adapt to the changes it will give and those changes does not necessary mean that it would pleasant for that person. This may lead to personal dissatisfaction.If a company have employees that do not have personal satisfaction within their jobs then that company would like to shutdown or cease to operate. Also, some of the work motivat ion that is developed was only based on the powerful countries. The work motivations for the powerful countries may not be compatible with the less powerful countries. Much complex work motivation models may be needed to support the other difficult problems.If there would be a developed motivation model that will create productivity even though there is no personal satisfaction, then it would be a great aid. The thought of having productivity without personal satisfaction is still uncertain and maybe impossible especially because it contradicts the current theories that have been developed. Much study must still be done in the field of motivation. In mankind’s development, there is an increase in complexity which means there is also an increase of problems that could be encountered.It can be deduced that we are still in the early stages of development in terms of studying motivation. We still lack to completely comprehend our behavior of choice. The concept of predicting our choices and the choices of others are vital for our development. But even though we still haven’t figured out completely the process of our motivation, it does not mean that we will not figure it out in the near future. Presently, we can still manage to progress in our state.The problem is that will we be able to adapt to the predicted problems that will be encountered in the future. Constant study in our behavior of choice is one way to develop new ways of motivational models. If this is done, in later time, we could determine new motivational theories. Man can always withstand the harsh howls of life.REFERENCES:â€Å"Abraham Maslow.† Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006.â€Å"Motivation.† Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: MicrosoftCorporation, 2006.Kassin, Saul. â€Å"Psychology.† Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006.http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/ [28 Apr. 07]

“Floating” By Karen Brennan Essay

â€Å"But no one owns anyone or owes anyone anything† (Brennan 304). In the story â€Å"Floating,† Karen Brennan uses the themes of regret, rejection, guilt and death, to demonstrate how trauma in a relationship effects both sides differently. She illustrates the difference between herself and her husband, telling the story of what she feels and what her husband feels. In the beginning a sense of rejection is presented, this is shown when Karen quotes, â€Å"I woke up and heard a tiny sound coming from the back of the house. It was a baby†¦.she had been crying for two days straight and had survived,† (Brennan 302). Reading this quote the reader can make the assumption that there is a sense of rejection in the story and also that the narrator had been rejecting the baby for a while. She states, â€Å"she had been crying for two days straight.† This shows that not only did the narrator hear her but had ignored the baby for those two days. Rejection was not only seen with the baby but also the husband as well. The husband showed rejection towards the wife, and the wife reciprocated that rejection towards the baby. â€Å"My husband was in the living room, I said look what I can do I floated up†¦ my husband shook his head†¦ he wasn’t shocked.† (302). In the story the narrator portrayed the husband as an emotionless, uncaring person who once, cared for his wife but now feels the need to remain unresponsive. Brennan presents the wife’s thoughts of rejection and also the husband’s point of view of rejection. â€Å"Satan appeared on a cloud†¦fixed himself a snack†¦ then she snapped his picture,† (302). Through the end of the first paragraph, the reader can introduce the idea that the husband might be rejecting her because she might be having an affair. â€Å"Satan appeared,† represents the idea that there is another person who the wife might be seeing. In the story â€Å"Floating† regret was another big factor which played a role in the narrator and her husband’s marriage. â€Å"How do we get this way? I was a perfectly ordinary girl†¦ I married a nice responsible man who loved me. He gave me my first umbrella,† (303). Regret was used to introduce the deep dysfunction of their marriage, that it even made the narrator question her past and the marriage itself, â€Å"he gave me my first  umbrella.’’ The narrator reminisces or revisits the first time she ever felt safe, sheltered by someone else other than her immediate family. Karen relates shelter to an umbrella, because in a sense, an umbrella protects our body from the rain. The umbrella is also significant, because it leaves the audience questioning- is that all the husband was able to provide? In the quote, â€Å"My first umbrella† demonstrates that the narrator only felt protected by the husband not loved. â€Å"How do we get t his way? I was a perfectly ordinary girl† portrays a feeling of regret to the reader. The narrator uses this to show how she had changed and could not believe it herself almost as if she shocked herself with her change. She asks a rhetorical question â€Å"How do we get this way?† She cannot convey an answer to; however allows the reader to find a solution. This gives rise to a deeper meaning to the quote. â€Å"I was a perfectly ordinary girl† the word was in her sentence shows that she once was perfect and now she has change and she regrets it. In the husband’s point of view, this could mean that she questioned her affair or marriage and regrets the fact she ever cheated on him and or ever married him. â€Å"This is a secret baby: the baby of my afterhours†¦ no one especially my husband, would understand this,† (303). According to the reader, this could mean that she is having regrets about the baby. The narrator refers to her baby as, â€Å"This is a secret baby,† and hides it from the world, including her husband. Not only does she keep this baby in secrecy, she also chooses to say that her husband would not understand. This states that, through the disheartenment Karen Brennan still possesses a sense of hope that one day her husband will understand. But her husband only ignores her and reject the fact that she is â€Å"floating,† Furthermore, Karen Brennen presents the theme of death, including both perspectives of death as a way of demonstrating the differences and problems shared in and out of their marriage. â€Å"She had all the plumpness of a baby; dimpled knees and folds around the wrists; pale baby skin,† (302). The narrator indicates that the baby skin was pale. From the context clues, the reader could imply that the baby could be lifeless or suffering from the strain of death. However the narrator brings the attention to the reader that the baby had survived. She quotes, â€Å"she had survived.† This presents the reader with the evidence that the baby is no longer alive and it is in fact dead. The word had shows the reader that the baby was alive at a point  in time, but in that instant the baby is dead. Karen Brennan shows how death plays a role in the story. She manipulates the sentence debating a sense of hope for the life of the baby, but then she abruptly changes the tone of the story using descriptive passages of the baby taking away any previous hope that the child lived. The death of the baby was so traumatic that even the narrator could not shake the restraint of disparity, being forced to remember the baby as the time progresses. In addition, the death of the baby could stimulate on the husband’s negative attitude towards his wife, â€Å"I wish I had the nerve to go outside, I tell him. He grunts as if nothing was out of the ordinary,† (303). The narrator draws a picture of the husband’s attitude as very rude and angry. As a reader, this could indicate that the husband’s attitude (mad and angry) might be angry about the loss of the baby, or maybe reflects his beliefs that his deceased wife is tormenting him for neglecting her. â€Å"Then I turned on my back and dead man’s-floated parallel to the ceiling† (302). According to the words, â€Å"dead man,† she might be in fact dead and it is her ghost who floats around trapped in her room- trapped in the house unable to be free. Lastly, Karen Brennan uses guilt as a form to describe what should have been done during their marriage and what could have been changed. What they could have done differently and what they could still do? â€Å"I want us to be friends, to be affectionate with one another. But he just looks down† (304). Karen Brennan shows the guilt the wife is feeling in the relationship. She states, â€Å"I want us to be friends, to be affectionate.† Reading this quote, the reader can conclude that the narrator did not really feel love towards her husband, and now she is feeling guilty for not being able to create that sense of affection between them. This makes her feel obligated to end the relationship and become friends. In addition to the story, reading it from the husband’s point-of-view the reader can say that the husband feels guilty for not being able to provide the love the wife needs, which leads the narrator to state, â€Å"but he just looks down.† This quote could indicate the husband is wallowing in self-pity and unsure of what to say or what to do at this point of the marriage. Overall. Karen Brennan presents the reader with many different aspects of the story â€Å"Floating†. Portraying the themes guilt, regret, rejection or death. Karen  Brennan indicates all the flaws of which both the husband and wife have, and she also presents the possibilities of different ideas to incorporate the story with. In the end, the two perceptions of both the husband and the wife were the same. They both want to be affectionate or want out of the relationship.

Heroes essays

Heroes essays If a hero is properly defined as somebody who does something dangerous to help somebody else, then the heroes of Greek mythology do not qualify. They were a pretty selfish and arrogant bunch, in other words, not exactly role models for the younger generation of today. The funny thing about Greek myths, is that most of the great heroes had a such a strong preference for working alone that they were virtually unable to engage in regular social interaction with their peers. In fact, heroes can never have peers, since they believe that they are unique and live their lives in this manner. To us they may seem uncooperative, egotistical, and fatally flawed by arrogant pride, but we should remember that our world on the other hand produces many persons flawed by having no sense of their own value or personal identity. My idea of a hero is someone who genuinely cares for the well being and prosperity of others without searching for fame or redemption. However, it seems that in the Golden Age, the heros sole motivation was fame and displacement from their peers. The people I call heroes today are the common people who dare to enrich the lives of total strangers for the sake of humanity. The way the people of Greece lived is evident in the selection of their heroes. Mostly all Greek heroes were great warriors, strong willed and relentless in their pursuit for fortune. This was inspiring to a people who had very little power and very little distance from their peers. Today we recognize a hero as someone who inspires us to come together and rise as a whole. Someone who commits a courageous action without considering the consequences. Now my example of a hero/heroine would be Mother Teresa. Her life was spent helping the sick, the homeless, the orphaned and the poor in India. Among her many w orks was the establishment of foundations. One foundation was the Home for the Dying in Calcutta. Another was called Shant...

The Life and Work of Howard S. Becker

The Life and Work of Howard S. Becker Howard S. Howie Becker is an American sociologist renowned for his qualitative research into the lives of those otherwise classified as deviant, and for revolutionizing how deviant behavior is studied and theorized within the discipline. The development of the subfield focused on deviance is credited to him, as is  labeling theory. He also made significant contributions to the sociology of art. His most notable books include  Outsiders  (1963),  Art Worlds  (1982),  What About Mozart? What About Murder?  (2015).  Most of his career was spent as a professor of sociology at Northwestern University.   Early Life Born in 1928 in Chicago, IL, Becker is now technically retired but continues to teach and write in San Francisco, CA, and Paris, France. One of the most prolific living sociologists, he has about 200 publications to his name, including 13 books. Becker has been awarded six honorary degrees, and in 1998 was given the award for Career of Distinguished Scholarship by the American Sociological Association. His scholarship has been supported by the Ford Foundation, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the MacArthur Foundation. Becker served as President of the Society for the Study of Social Problems from 1965-66, and is a lifelong jazz pianist. Becker earned Bachelors, Masters, and Doctorate degrees in sociology from the University of Chicago, studying with those considered a part of the Chicago School of Sociology, including Everett C. Hughes, Georg Simmel, and Robert E. Park. Becker himself is considered a part of the Chicago School. His career in studying those considered deviant began thanks to his exposure to marijuana smoking at Chicagos jazz bars, where he regularly played piano. One of his earliest research projects focused on marijuana use. This research fed into his widely read and cited book  Outsiders, which is considered one of the first texts to develop labeling theory, which postulates that people adopt deviant behavior that breaks social norms after they have been labeled deviant by others, by social institutions, and by the criminal justice system. Importance of His Work The importance of this work is that it shifts analytic focus away from individuals and to social structures and relations, which allows for the social forces at play in producing deviance to be seen, understood, and changed, if need be. Beckers groundbreaking research resonates today in the work of sociologists who study how institutions, including schools, use racial stereotypes to label students of color as deviant problems that must be managed by the criminal justice system, rather than in-school punishment. Beckers book  Art Worlds  made important contributions to the subfield of the sociology of art. His work shifted the conversation from individual artists to the whole field of social relations that make the production, distribution, and valuation of art possible. This text also proved influential to the sociology of media, media studies, and cultural studies. Another important contribution that Becker made to sociology was to write his books and articles in an engaging and readable way that made them accessible to a wide audience. He wrote prolifically also on the important role that good writing plays in disseminating the results of sociological research. His books on this topic, which also serve as writing guides, include  Writing for Social Scientists,  The Tricks of the Trade, and  Telling About Society. Learn More About Howie Becker You can find much of Beckers writing on his website, where he also shares his music, photos, and favorite quotes. To learn more about Beckers fascinating life as a jazz musician/sociologist, check out this in-depth 2015 profile of him in  The New Yorker.

Correctional Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Correctional Challenges - Essay Example A reduced workforce means that the remaining employees will have longer shifts with more work, which may lead to complaints and disagreements. Another challenge is that the correctional manager is forced to downsize the number of inmate programs at the facility. It becomes hard to decide which programs are to be downsized or eliminated, considering that most of these programs are very essential for the wellbeing of the inmates and the correctional facility. Vera Institute of Justice (2010) gives the example of the Colorado correctional facility which did away with a military-style boot camp with a 100 bed capacity, in which young offenders who were convicted of non-violent crimes. In some extreme cases, correctional managers are forced to close down some facilities, especially if the number of inmates reduces significantly (Vera Institute of Justice, 2009). The provision of healthcare to inmates is also affected since the government is unable to continually provide pharmaceuticals in correctional facilities. According to Vera Institute of Justice (2009), during the 2007 recession, some states reduced healthcare services towards correctional facilities meaning that the managers of these facilities needed to become innovative and find ways of purchasing drugs at a lower cost. As Gladwin& McConnell (2014) write, during periods of intense fiscal pressure, correctional managers are required to address challenges such as supervising inmates who are poorly organized and overcrowded, and maintaining order. According to Gladwin & McConnell (2014), federal facilities are forced to come up with ways of increasing productivity as a cost-reduction measure. Most of these cost-cutting measures require the involvement of the human resources department. Ideally, one of the ways in which the human resource department can be involved in cost-cutting and increased productivity is by reducing the workforce and digitalizing most processes. For

Judeo - Christian Bible and the Islamic Qu'ran Essay

Judeo - Christian Bible and the Islamic Qu'ran - Essay Example It is evident that the omnipotence and the omnipresence of the one God led to the basics of Islam. The single divinity acceptance unified all things, and this led to harmony throughout the universe in the due to the impact of Islam and Christianity (Silberstein, 159). Another similarity that Judeo-Christian bible and the Islamic Qur’an have is traced in the heritage to the Biblical patriarch, Abraham. In the context, Abraham is referred to as the father of nations in Genesis 12 and to Christians it means that they are descendants of Abraham. The bible also creates the awareness that we are the inheritance of God’s promises to Abraham. Islams believe that Islamic religion came from Ishmael the son of Abraham and the maidservant Hagar (Silberstein, 158). The differences between the Bible and the Quran have is back dated to the Deity of Jesus. Qur’an shows Jesus as a prophet just like Noah, Moses and Abraham. Islam’s compare him with Prophet Mohammad, who was a descendant of Ishmael. This is apparent in Koran 4:171 that say, â€Å"Jesus, who was the son of Mary, and was not more than Allah’s apostle (Bogle,4-5). Conversely, Christians view Jesus as greater than a prophet. The Bible depicts him as the son of God. The statement is evident in John 4:26 where Jesus claimed to be God’s son. 1st Timothy 3:16 states that Jesus was used by God to manifest his flesh (Burgos, 76). Another difference is on the internal judgment. The Qur’an explains that those who murder or are killed by unbelievers will go back to the garden of paradise a place of many lustful pleasures (Koran 9:111). As for the Bible it outlines that those who believe in Jesus Christ and have let him lead their life will enjoy eternity in heaven (Burgos, 80). The other view of internal judgment the Qur’an teaches that those who worship any other god other than Allah will have a great punishment as they will go to hell,

Does Pre-maintenance Save Machines from Risks Essay

Does Pre-maintenance Save Machines from Risks - Essay Example hine in factories, profound evidence and empirical results have been identified to support the thesis that consistent pre-maintenance of machines lowers machine related risks. Pre-maintenance is associated with highly reduced production down periods due to fewer unexpected tool or equipment breakdowns. However, concerns have been raised over the impact of preventive maintenance of machines with regards to plants and equipment related risks. The paper seeks to demonstrate that the implementation of comprehensive and consistent pre-maintenance practices saves machines from risks. Bloch et al. (277) noted that the negative impact on production schedules due to equipment shutdowns could be pre-emptively projected, and service events conducted through the implementation of production planning. As a result of strict pre-maintenance activities, suitably serviced equipment will last longer thus resulting in the minimization of the costs connected with replacement of damaged machines (Bloch et al. 277.) The authors added that part substitution costs are abridged as repairs are made on a well-scheduled basis as compared to part damage control or response to a part or a total failure. The reworking is reduced due to frequent equipment maintenance and good operating condition. Pre-maintenance means that there is less time spent on supplementary equipment setup and corresponding adjustments that become indispensable to compensate for frequent wearing components. Timely identification of equipment with elevated maintenance costs that may demonstrate the need for remedia l actions such as skilful training or even timely replacement of the equipment is an imperative precautionary measure that reduces machine related risks in the long term. (Bloch et al. 270) Das et al. also reiterated that common preventive maintenance is a premeditated maintenance activity that is calculated to improve the entire life of machines or entailed equipment and thus leading to the avoidance of any

Developing a Nursery That Meets the Needs of a Child

Developing a Nursery That Meets the Needs of a Child Foundations to Psychology This essay will look into how the designs of nurseries, in light of relevant research will contribute to meeting the cognitive, social, emotional and physical needs of children aged three to five years old. The aim of this essay will be to provide a range of activities that nurseries could in cooperate into their timetable to meet these needs. Cognitive The key elements of the cognitive theory is to try and explain the method and processes by which an infant, and then a child will develop into an adult, who can think and reason using hypotheses (simplypsychology.2009.) Cognition consists of the development of perception, attention, language, memory and thinking. As children develop they acquire the cognitive structures that stay with them throughout their lives. Psychologist Jean Piaget viewed cognitive development as maturational process which focuses on childrens interactions with the physical word, and how they view it in their mind. He suggested that children think differently than adults and that they actively try to explore and make an understanding of the world. (simplypsychology, ND.) There are four stages to Piagets cognitive theory, but the one that is most relevant to a nursery caring for three to five year olds is the preoperational stage. This is the idea that children cannot conserve because they like to please people (psychologyabout,  ND.) To test if children were egocentric, Piaget used the three mountain tasks, where children were shown a mountain that had snow on it and a hut on the other side, they were then asked what could be seen from a different perspective (simplypsychology,  ND.) A child of age three to five is beginning to think with numbers and symbols and develop memory strategies. An activity relevant to developing this would be placing counters in front of a child and asking them how many counters they have, this is encouraging them to think logically. Piaget believed that each child moves from stage to stage at their own pace, and that in the classroom you have to look at what stage each child is, to move them forward. So ones who are at a further stage would be able to do more complicated counting tasks. Another activity would be mouse trap, children would have to work together to keep the mouse from being trapped, making the children having to see someone elses point of view and developing their inability to conserve according to Piaget. (littlechildren,  ND.) Lev Vygotskys theory for cognitive development relies on the zone of proximal development. The three different levels are what I cant do, what I can do with help and what I can do. This is known as Vygotskys scaffolding theory and it was to try and explain that social interaction is important for cognitive development. (simplypsychology,  2007.) Vygotsky suggested that having interaction with older people would be an effective way to develop skills. So nurseries could pair up a five year old child with a three year old child and they could work together to complete a puzzle, this would give the three year old the help from an older peer which could help them to complete the puzzle on their own eventually (simplypsychology,  2007.) Piagets contributions to cognitive development in children are not flawless. Piaget didnt take into account who he was talking to, children of that age like to say whatever would please someone, so if a child is asked what is two add two, the child will answer four, but then if they are asked now what is two add two the child will think that they have answered the question incorrectly and will give a different answer. Physical The key elements of physical development in children is the physical maturation of an individuals body up until it reaches the adult stage. A childs physical and measurable growth such as weight and height are taking place. Physical development concerns the development of our bodys structure and processes during life and how these developments help of hold back how we think and behave socially and emotionally. Everyone develops physically at roughly the same age but the physical changes that occur may vary from one person to another. (psychologyabout,  ND.) According to theorist Mary Sheridan, at three years old, a child will be able to walk up the stairs, cut with scissors and turn while running and pulling toys, so they are able to multi task. At four years old, a child can turn sharp corners, they can run, push and pull, and they can hop and climb. Then at five years old, they can skip and dance and hop (childdevelopmentchart,  2013.) Sheridan also suggests that in terms of other physical developments a child of aged three to five years would be able to give their name and address, they can help with dressing themselves, use their fork and spoon, be able to draw a person and be able to speak roughly 1500 words. (childdevelopmentchart,  2013.) Sheridan says that children between aged three and five should be able to draw figures, so nurseries could cater for this type of physical development by having art sessions where children can draw or paint family portraits. This would also improve their fine motor skills such as fingers and hands. Another theorist Arnold Gesell identified the importance of the role of nature and heredity in childrens development. There is a psychology debate about whether our nature (biological heritage ) or our nurture (the environment we are brought up in.) Gesell believed that a timetable could be used to outline the developmental growth of every child. (ehow,  ND.) Gesell indentified the typical behaviours of children through their childhood. He categorized these behaviours into different areas which he called the gradients of growth. The ones that would be mostly used at a nursery would personal hygiene, motor characteristics, school life and play and pastimes. (education,  ND.) In terms of physical activities to help a childs development and to help work on their gross motor skills (arms and legs,) nurseries could provide a playtime, where children have the chance to interact with each other, play games and have a run around. This would be part of the play and pastimes section on Gesells timetable. (developmentalpsychology,  ND.) Gesells theory of development has been accepted as it is still used today, however there are criticisms of his theory because his timetable only went up to the ages of five, so there is no developmental stages for the childhood beyond that age (ehow,  ND.) Emotional Emotional development is how an individual develops emotional competence, for example how they deal with emotions and how their identities develop. For a child, hints of their personalities will start to show, so if they are upset of angry they may kick and scream as a way of dealing with that emotion. How a child is treated and their relationships contribute to their emotional development. Psychologist Wolcott believed that if a child brings in a toy that reminds them of home and their mother they will still have this attachment. This toy would be the mother substitute because they are recognising it as something from being at home. So if the child became upset from missing home which children tend to do when they are going to nursery for the first time, they have something to remind them of home. (psychologytoday,  ND.) A more interactive activity that would strengthen a childs emotional development would be a persona doll. A persona doll is a puppet and could be used at nurseries to put on a show where different situations are created and the children would be asked how they would feel if such a situation happened to them. This would help a child to understand emotions and how they might feel. (personadolltraining,  ND.) Michael Rutter believed that you have to have a mother or a mother substitute in the first five years of life. Rutter conducted a study on children at an orphanage of whom had suffered emotional deprivation. He looked at adopted children and how when they were adopted into families their weight and their IQs had improved dramatically (pbworks,  ND.) Michael concluded that if a child doesnt develop an emotional attachment this is privation whereas deprivation is the loss of an attachment. (simplypsychology,  ND.) John Bowlbys attachment theory looked at the attachment relationship between parents and their children. Bowlby believed that if an infant was unable to develop a warm relationship with their mother, the child would have difficulty forming relationships with other people (bowlbyattachmenttheory,  ND.) Bowlby was convinced that the mother and baby bond was formed on a biological basis and that the baby is born with the need to form their bond and the mother has the instinct to form this bond. Bowlby suggested that a child would form only one attachment, normally their mother and this figure would act as their secure base when they explore the world. This one attachment acts as a starting relationship for future relationships that the child may have. (simplypsychology,  ND.) In light of what Bowlby and Rutter say about the importance of having the mother of the mother substitute, nurseries could assign carers or teaching assistants to groups of children or to each child if there is enough. Bowlby in particular said that consistency is important, so by assigning a carer to each child, there would be the mother substitute always there for that child. (littlechildren,  ND.) The implications of Bowlbys theory are that he suggested that the mother should be the constant carer therefore implying that the mother should not go out to work as she should be at home looking after the children and keeping this consistent bond (simplypsychology,  ND.) Social The key element of social development is socialisation, how individuals develop social abilities by building relationships and how they form friendships. For a child they will develop same sex relationships known as vertical relationships, and they will form friendships by playing with other children. Social development looks into our moral development, groups and peer group influences. Theorist Erik Erikson developed the psychosocial theory. Erikson had eight development stages, but the one that applies to a child of aged three to five is initiative vs guilt, this is where children start to understand purpose and the meaning of different things (currentnursing,  ND.) During the initiative vs guilt stage, conscience and imagination develops, children begin to understand what people expect of them whether it be at home or at school. Children can begin to assert some kind of power and control through direction of play which can include fantasies. (childdevelopmentchart,  2013.) The best way to in cooperate Eriksons psychosocial theory would be with indoor activities. At a certain time of day at a nursery, children could have the chance to have a play time indoors where there are sandpits, a play kitchen and a play house. The children would be in groups and they would rotate so that they could have the chance to play with each thing. This would give the children a chance to interact with each other and use their imagination to play restaurants or mummys and daddys with the play house or kitchen (jubed,  ND.) Albert Banduras social learning theory emphasized the importance of observing behaviour. Most human behaviour is learned through modelling by observation. The social learning theory explains that human behaviour is interaction of different influences; behavioural and environmental. Bandura believed that an individual is more likely to adopt behaviour if it results in outcomes that are valuable to them. (instructionaldesign.ND.) Banduras theory is supported by the bobo doll experiment. Children observed an adult attacking a bobo doll to try and knock it down, the children then imitated this behaviour (simplypsychology,  ND.) When meeting childrens social needs in light of Banduras experiment on the bobo doll in which behaviours are learned, a nursery would ensure that children behave correctly, and that no violent or aggressive behaviour is tolerated. Also children would learn to put their hand up when they want to speak. This way they are learning how to behave when they are at school. Criticisms of the social learning theory are that they rejecting the differences in individuals such as genetics, brain and learning differences which could affect how they perceive and respond to behaviour. With the bobo doll experiment, critics have argued against saying that children manipulated into responding to the attack on the doll. Children were further teased because they could not knock the doll down (criminology,  ND.) This is the way to go about creating a nursery that would meet the cognitive, social, emotional and physical needs of children aged three to five years old. There is a lot of evidence from doing experiments such as Piagets three mountains experiments and observations like Rutters orphanage study that supports the theorists and their theories, therefore strengthening the ideas on how a child develops in each criteria. Essentially every child develops differently and at a different pace, but looking collectively at children aged three to five years, there are certain activities that nurseries could use to help children thrive emotionally, socially, physically and cognitively. Reference List bowlbyattachmenttheory.(ND). Retrieved from http://explorable.com/bowlby-attachment-theory instructional design. (ND). Retrieved from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/social-development.html childdevelopmentchart.(2013). Retrieved from http://pgcegroup3.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/child-development-chart.pdf psychologyabout.(ND). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/ss/early-childhood-development_2.htm jubed.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.jubed.com/youth_ministry/view/Animal-Farm/?s=106 simplypsychology.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/bowlby.html simplypsychology.(2009). Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html developmentalpsychology.(ND). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/ss/early-childhood-development_2.htm littlechildren.(ND). Retrieved from http://littlechildren.wordpress.com/2007/11/29/cognitive-development-activities-for-3-to-5-year-olds/ irrpublic.(ND). Retrieved from http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure/Sites/LRRView/7401/documents/theories_outline.pdf simplypsychology.(2007). Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html pbworks.(ND). Retrieved from http://as-psychology.pbworks.com/w/page/9174253/DeprivationPrivation currentnursing.(ND). Retrieved from http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/theory_of_psychosocial_development.html psychologytoday.(ND). Retrieved from http://therapists.psychologytoday.com/rms/state/VT/Wolcott.html personadolltraining.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.persona-doll-training.org/ukhome.html education.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/arnold-gesell-child-learning-development-theory/ ehow.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8593772_criticisms-gesells-maturation-theory.html childdevelopmentchart.(2013). Retrieved from http://pgcegroup3.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/child-development-chart.pdf criminology.(ND). Retrieved from http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/bandura.htm

The Correct Response to Abortion :: Persuasive Essay, Argumentative

The Correct Response to Abortion    Psalm 139 has often been noted as a beautiful expression of the value of human life. Taken as a whole, it is a prayer reflecting on God's intimate knowledge of who we are - a knowledge stretching to the moment we were conceived in the womb and before. The theme of continuity is striking. Notice how the author uses personal pronouns with reference to himself both before and after his birth. Past (v.1), present (vv.2-3), future (v.10), and the pre-natal stage as well (v.13). The psalmist is clearly aware of no discontinuity in his existence. He was, is, and will be the same person...again both during his pre-natal and post-natal life.    Recognizing this, how should we respond to those who would advocate aborting such a life? It's at this point we need to read a little further through Psalm 139 and take a look at vv.19-24. As always, God's Word tells us not only what is right, but also how to do the right thing in the right way. Reflecting on what we've seen so far, the psalmist finds himself filled anew with a zeal for this God who knows him so completely. And he then turns this zeal both to those around him as well as towards himself.    As the psalmist looks at others around him, he recognizes that not everyone responds to God with faith and love. Some respond with blasphemy and hate. And this leads him to use some strikingly harsh language...words that really take us back (READ v.22). How ought we to understand such words? And is it ever appropriate for us to say the same thing? Well, in order to answer these questions, we need to clear some things up...    Who are the people being cursed? (READ v.19a and b) How are they characterized? (READ v.20a and b, v.21a and b) So what then are the curses? We need to recognize that in Hebrew poetry, we often find the usage of vivid and graphic language. Used here, it is not intended to be expressions of a desire for personal vengeance. Rather, the psalmist is filled with moral indignation and a desire for God to exercise justice.    So in terms of application, we need to remember that these words are the prayer of the psalmist, not actions he carries out.

Bell Rock Lighthouse: Signal and Guide to Fishermen and Travelers

I’ve always been interested with lighthouses even before I watched this documentary film that’s why it wasn’t hard or boring for me. I’ve always wanted to go to a lighthouse and see how it flashes lights towards the sea. It’s amazing how it saves many lives of people and even animals that live underwater. I find it wonderful learning how to build a lighthouse, well, technically. This Bell Rock lighthouse was built in a rock, a very dangerous rock according to people who came across it. The man behind this rock, Robert Stevenson, built this rock between 1807 and 1810. And it’s amazing that this certain lighthouse still stand even to this day! Awesome, indeed! The history of Bell Rock was amusing and interesting as well in my opinion. How many ship wrecks had happened there before, I had no idea. Robert Stevenson, a man full of dreams, wanted to pursue building a lighthouse on Bell Rock. Although many people were against his plan, he stayed determined and thought of many ideas how to build a lighthouse without the waves crashing the base. That was one of the disadvantages since the lighthouse will be built in the sea. He based his idea to some already built lighthouses and hired almost sixty men to work on this project. They went to the sea, with a steady ship floating not so far away from the rock, they went with the ships to the rock and started digging for the base of the lighthouse. One thing I noticed about this story, the laborers were all religious men. They pray before and after working which is very admirable. The going back and forth routine has been a disadvantage to Stevenson as he were already behind time working with the base of the lighthouse. He decided, together with his men, to build a beacon in the rock which they can stay to. They started with the beacon not long. The question would be how long will it stay standing? Storms can sweep away the beacon and they were still behind schedule. Fortunately, there weren’t any super storms during the days they put the pieces one by one. The workers stayed loyal to Stevenson as he instructs them to do so. Of course, more dilemmas had befallen to Stevenson as his workers didn’t want to work during the Sabbath days. Some of them had lost faith to him and that made Stevenson’s task harder. They believed that doing work on a Sabbath is against God. It’s disrespectful and disloyalty. They continued working for him though despite the lack of faith. Another dilemma came, two of the men died (not consecutively) while working. Their bodies weren’t found at all. It diminished the worker’s self-esteem as they work with the lighthouse in the Bell Rock while still staying in the beacon. After all the difficulties relating to the building of the lighthouse in Bell Rock, they finished after three years with pure diligence and teamwork and of course, faith to God. However, Robert Stevenson, the man behind this magnificent project, had continued facing problems which seemed to be beyond his limit. Unfortunately, his twin and a daughter had died of whooping cough. That was the sad part here. If I were in his shoes, I’d probably die of depression. That was tough. But Stevenson was a tough man from the start. Even though he had a huge loss on his part, he still continued with the Bell Rock Lighthouse project. His work became his only focus. And after they finished it, it’s as if they have produced a work of nature. Something deeper in the lighthouse has touched many people’s lives. It was also considered as a tourist spot. Kudos to Stevenson for it! On the other hand, John Rennie, whom Stevenson had asked opinions about before, ranted that Stevenson didn’t deserve his popularity since he was the one who suggested about the curve base of the lighthouse which wasn’t true at all since Stevenson was there all the time and he based it through another’s work. A lighthouse serves as a signal, a guide to all the fishermen and to all the travelers using the sea as their way of commuting. It serves as guidance for everyone who wants to go home and take the right path. Same for what happened to Stevenson and what he had went through by building this lighthouse on a risky rock.

Drama Short Scene

CHARACTERS JENNA ROBERT GAS STATION ATTENDANT CHAPLIN [JENNA has been driving all night after a fight with her husband. JENNA leaves a truck stop with a cup of coffee and although it is not her nature to pick up hitch hikers, at this point she figures what is the worst that can happen? Death? Then so be it. ] ROBERT: Hey, can I get a ride? JENNA: Why not? Where are you headed? ROBERT: Oklahoma. JENNA: Okay. ROBERT: [Getting in car] Where are you from? Where are you going? JENNA: Jackson, Wyoming and Jackson, Wyoming ROBERT: Are you married? JENNA: Yes ROBERT: How far can you take me? JENNA: Twin Falls, Idaho.ROBERT: You have small breasts. Do you talk to spirits? JENNA: What? What do you mean? ROBERT: My girlfriend was small like you; she spoke to the spirits and became a double D overnight. JENNA: [White knuckled on the steering wheel] Where is your girlfriend? ROBERT: Oklahoma. JENNA: Do you work there? ROBERT: [Looking down at his lap] No, I blew up the oil truck I was driving bec ause I was angry. I got fired. I have no job and no money. I started my house on fire and burnt everything up. My girlfriend got mad at me because all her bras were burned. I am hoping she will forgive me when I get back to Oklahoma.When I get angry, I just snap. JENNA: [Tongue in cheek] Are you angry now? ROBERT: No, I feel better. Are you angry now? JENNA: No, just out for a drive. I love going for drives. ROBERT: Would your husband let me come home with you? You are so pretty. JENNA: Hmmm, sorry but I don’t think so. Oh, my gosh! ROBERT: What? JENNA: My radiator is overheating! ROBERT: Why? JENNA: I don’t know! But I need to stop and let it cool down. [JENNA pulls over and retrieves a book from the glove box. She is very nervous. ] ROBERT: What are you reading? JENNA: Just a story. ROBERT: I see the word kissing. Can I kiss you?JENNA: No, I don’t think that is a good idea. ROBERT: Ok. JENNA: [Starts the car. ] We will stop at the next gas station. ROBERT: Are you sure I can’t kiss you? JENNA: Don’t touch my leg again! ROBERT: Ok. JENNA: Stay in the car and I will go see if someone can help me. Or, maybe someone here can give you a ride directly to Oklahoma. ROBERT: No! I want to go with you! JENNA: Whatever, I will be right back. [JENNA walks into the gas station. Suddenly there is commotion in the parking lot. ] GAS STATION ATTENDANT: [Yelling at Jenna] Son of a bitch! If that antifreeze takes the paint off of the cars it sprayed on, your ass is grass!Your husband opened the radiator cap when it was hot! What in the hell is wrong with him? Stupid people! JENNA: He is not my husband and I am sorry. Can you look at my car and tell me why it is overheating? GAS STATION ATTENDANT: If it will get you the hell out of here! [JENNA waits nervously, hoping Robert will find a new ride and that there is nothing to serious wrong with her car. ] GAS STATION ATTENDANT: You need a new hose clamp, I have one. Twenty bucks. JENNA: Really? For a clamp? A little piece of metal? GAS STATION ATTENDANT: Take it or leave it. JENNA: I won’t have enough gas money to make it home!ROBERT: I can get you money for gas. JENNA: What? How? ROBERT: Trust me. JENNA: Ok, go ahead and fix the car. ROBERT: Trust me. JENNA: But how are you going to get money? ROBERT: Easy we will just ask for the chaplin. JENNA: What? What in the hell are you talking about? ROBERT: Trust me. JENNA: [Getting into the car] We only have about an hour to Twin Falls. ROBERT: Will you kiss me then? JENNA: No! ROBERT: Ok. JENNA: So tell me how your girlfriend received her double d breasts. ROBERT: It is simple. You pray to the body spirit, the breast spirit and the cosmetic spirit and the next day you will have big breasts.You really could use a little more you know. JENNA: Robert, with all due respect, I think your girlfriend got implants and lied to you. ROBERT: [Grabbing Jenna’s arm. ] She did not lie! I prayed with her! She got the gift! Do y ou understand me? JENNA: Please let go of me. I believe you. [Quietness the rest of the way. ] JENNA: We are here. Now what? Where do you want me to go? ROBERT: Find the police department. JENNA: Ok. [They drove around until they found the police department. ] JENNA: Here it is. Now what? ROBERT: Come with me. JENNA: Do I have to?ROBERT: [Waving her on into the police department] Can I speak to the chaplain please? CHAPLAIN: What can I do for you my son? ROBERT: She needs a gas voucher and I need a bus ticket to Oklahoma. We are stranded and are trying to get home. The car broke down a ways back and we have no money. I am hungry. CHAPLAIN: Have a seat please. JENNA: It looks like you have done this before. ROBERT: [Scowling] That is my business. JENNA: Ok. CHAPLAIN: Ok, here is a gas voucher for fifteen dollars that you can use at the Standard station right up the road and here is your bus ticket voucher along with a voucher for a hot dog and a soda.ROBERT: Thank you. Do you pray to the breast spirits? CHAPLAIN: Just be on your way now. Blessings to you. [Jenna drives to the bus station. ] JENNA: Here you go Robert. Have a safe trip. Thank you for helping me get enough gas to get home. Bye. See ya. ROBERT: Will you wait for the bus with me? JENNA: I really need to head home Robert. Thanks again. ROBERT: [Grabs Jenna’s arm and leans into her face] You will wait with me or I will pray to the death spirits to take your breath away. If I have to help them I will. JENNA: [Trembling] Ok Robert, I will wait with you.ROBERT: [At the bus window] A ticket to Oklahoma City please. A hot dog, soda and a cookie for her. JENNA: Oh no, that is alright. ROBERT: Eat it! JENNA: Ok. ROBERT: Here comes the bus. JENNA: Ok, let’s go. ROBERT: [Boarding the bus] But I want to go with you Jenna. Please? JENNA: Robert just board the bus. Your girlfriend is waiting for you. ROBERT: Ok but will you wait until the bus leaves? JENNA: Sure ROBERT: Good bye. [Jenna watches as t he bus pulls away, Robert waving goodbye. She goes back to her car. ] JENNA: [Sitting behind the wheel] Dear spirit of protection†¦ [She drives away. ]